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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+32.5%
€2.29
vs €1.73 price
Levered DCF
€0.94
After debt service
Piotroski score
9 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.21
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.31×19.36×62.21×5.51×5.9×10.69×13.38×9.38×
P/B0.81×0.72×0.87×0.89×0.83×0.69×0.88×0.63×
P/S0.32×0.31×0.32×0.31×0.32×0.3×0.35×0.25×
EV / EBITDA8.93×10.04×13.53×4.79×5.04×7.01×8.56×7.11×
Gross margin14.6%15.9%14.6%18.4%18.2%16.5%14.2%14.9%
Operating margin3.7%4.6%4.5%9.3%7.8%4.9%4.6%4.9%
Net margin1.9%1.6%0.5%5.6%5.6%2.8%2.6%2.6%
Current ratio2.15×2.36×2.45×2.42×2.46×2.95×2.11×2.3×
Debt / equity0.38×0.41×0.39×0.39×0.33×0.4×0.47×0.44×
Interest coverage4.9×4.25×4.01×13.22×14.11×6.12×3.76×4.78×
Dividend yield3.3%0.0%5.6%4.4%4.4%2.9%3.4%3.3%
Payout ratio55.0%0.0%348.7%24.4%25.4%30.5%47.8%30.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity4.9%3.7%1.4%16.1%14.3%6.5%6.3%6.7%
Return on invested capital5.2%5.3%3.9%14.5%12.0%6.0%5.5%5.9%
Return on assets2.9%2.1%0.8%9.1%8.1%3.8%3.5%3.7%
Free cash flow yield5.6%-3.8%15.5%-5.4%1.8%26.3%4.0%-0.2%
Earnings yield6.0%5.2%1.6%18.1%17.2%9.4%7.2%10.6%
Enterprise value€75.5M€71.6M€74.9M€82.8M€65.5M€52M€68.8M€52.7M
Net debt / EBITDA2.23×3.03×3.2×1.3×1.27×2×2.77×2.71×
Cash conversion cycle (days)14515513315315216316738