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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-7.1%
€4.90
vs €5.27 price
Levered DCF
€2.43
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.93
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E27.71×17.74×16.38×20.84×28.07×36×24.18×20×
P/B2.18×1.8×1.53×1.78×1.83×1.8×2.49×2×
P/S2.6×2.21×1.93×2.36×2.66×2.64×3.31×2.67×
EV / EBITDA9.57×7.27×7.04×8.74×10.76×10.43×8.91×7.55×
Gross margin10.3%41.3%41.7%15.0%10.4%9.0%17.7%17.2%
Operating margin17.6%18.7%17.9%16.3%12.3%9.7%19.7%19.4%
Net margin9.5%12.6%11.7%11.6%9.8%7.4%13.7%13.5%
Current ratio1.33×2.46×1.76×0.92×1.02×1.54×2.42×2.44×
Debt / equity0.5×0.48×0.43×0.5×0.57×0.51×0.3×0.31×
Interest coverage7.78×7.34×7.4×14.48×14.47×9.67×25.02×22.37×
Dividend yield5.7%5.6%5.7%2.7%0.0%5.8%3.8%4.4%
Payout ratio157.1%98.9%94.3%55.6%0.0%208.5%91.2%88.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.0%10.2%9.3%8.7%6.7%5.0%10.3%10.1%
Return on invested capital6.4%6.5%6.2%5.0%3.6%3.1%6.8%6.6%
Return on assets4.0%5.3%4.8%4.3%3.3%2.5%5.6%5.6%
Free cash flow yield8.9%7.2%5.4%6.5%-11.4%-13.6%7.8%8.4%
Earnings yield3.6%5.7%6.1%4.9%3.7%2.8%4.1%5.0%
Enterprise value€2.7B€2.4B€2.2B€2.5B€2.6B€2.2B€2.8B€2.3B
Net debt / EBITDA0.47×0.69×0.99×1.18×1.85×1.13×-0.33×0.12×
Cash conversion cycle (days)14711765112785176119