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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-112.6%
-€1.17
vs €9.34 price
Levered DCF
-€3.06
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.14
Distress zone
Rating
B-
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E22.77×10.28×18.05×19.56×22.98×32.24×33.05×10.78×
P/B3×2.07×2.15×1.78×2.42×2.97×2.37×1.63×
P/S1.23×0.99×0.83×0.5×1.05×1.32×1×0.69×
EV / EBITDA6.13×6.05×7.05×6.45×10.18×9.25×7.54×5.75×
Gross margin17.7%53.6%40.7%4.6%27.9%34.0%24.0%28.8%
Operating margin13.8%21.9%13.1%10.9%11.0%13.3%9.6%13.2%
Net margin5.4%9.9%4.2%1.6%4.7%4.1%3.0%6.4%
Current ratio0.72×0.83×0.85×0.95×0.87×0.83×0.91×0.9×
Debt / equity2.14×2.11×2.37×3.13×2.45×2.12×2.05×1.79×
Interest coverage1.3×3.53×2.41×3.34×2.28×2.84×1.86×3.07×
Dividend yield6.0%7.7%7.5%7.8%6.9%5.6%5.5%6.7%
Payout ratio137.1%76.6%149.4%235.7%155.8%181.7%182.0%71.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.2%20.8%10.8%5.9%10.8%9.2%7.2%15.1%
Return on invested capital5.0%7.2%4.5%4.0%3.6%4.3%4.0%5.8%
Return on assets2.4%3.7%1.8%0.8%1.5%1.6%1.3%2.9%
Free cash flow yield5.6%6.1%2.7%-8.9%-0.9%2.3%2.8%5.5%
Earnings yield4.4%10.0%5.0%3.3%4.5%3.1%3.0%9.3%
Enterprise value€159.9B€133.2B€136.7B€129.7B€135.5B€138.3B€125.2B€101.7B
Net debt / EBITDA2.44×2.87×3.52×3.91×4.8×3.62×3.21×2.83×
Cash conversion cycle (days)22-29-612-16-21-2-5