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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+37.2%
€36.25
vs €26.42 price
Levered DCF
€51.99
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.64
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20.69×16.57×10.89×3.36×7.59×-3.53×336.17×11.98×
P/B1.02×0.79×0.95×0.93×1.1×0.82×1.04×0.97×
P/S0.59×0.47×0.54×0.35×0.57×0.69×0.71×0.65×
EV / EBITDA5.21×4.49×3.91×2.4×3.91×6.29×4.4×3.73×
Gross margin18.4%13.0%14.4%20.3%19.4%7.2%15.2%18.4%
Operating margin6.1%5.9%10.4%15.6%15.3%3.3%11.8%13.3%
Net margin3.2%3.0%5.1%10.5%7.6%-19.6%0.2%5.4%
Current ratio1.19×1.15×1.3×1.26×1.34×1.39×1.18×1.39×
Debt / equity0.71×0.7×0.64×0.74×0.97×0.85×0.63×0.51×
Interest coverage3.99×4.1×9.31×22.74×13.45×1.63×7.29×10.7×
Dividend yield6.3%7.4%6.0%6.5%5.4%6.4%6.1%6.0%
Payout ratio118.1%116.9%63.8%21.7%40.5%-22.8%2039.2%71.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity5.4%5.0%9.0%27.9%14.8%-23.1%0.3%8.1%
Return on invested capital2.3%1.9%4.1%11.3%6.1%1.5%0.2%4.2%
Return on assets1.9%1.8%3.3%8.9%4.1%-7.7%0.1%3.4%
Free cash flow yield9.5%12.3%12.6%21.1%18.1%1.4%8.7%9.8%
Earnings yield5.3%6.3%9.4%30.0%13.4%-28.3%0.3%8.3%
Enterprise value€74.9B€70.1B€74.6B€73B€73.5B€52.8B€73.9B€64.7B
Net debt / EBITDA1.81×1.83×1.25×0.88×1.59×2.65×1.44×0.87×
Cash conversion cycle (days)2635332248533732