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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-85.2%
€2.77
vs €18.71 price
Levered DCF
-€12.85
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.28
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E24.44×6.5×60.95×13.33×6.77×23.23×14×5.97×
P/B2.19×1.65×2.26×1.53×2.64×4.8×2.4×3.35×
P/S0.54×0.37×0.34×0.21×0.41×0.39×0.53×0.66×
EV / EBITDA9.6×4.53×10.28×7.31×5.66×7.25×11×4.14×
Gross margin11.6%28.3%33.0%7.1%0.1%23.8%23.8%24.4%
Operating margin7.3%10.7%19.1%-2.8%-15.1%3.1%4.3%7.2%
Net margin2.2%5.7%0.6%1.6%6.1%1.7%3.8%11.0%
Current ratio0.77×0.87×0.81×1.39×0.97×0.81×0.85×1.54×
Debt / equity2.14×2.19×2.51×2.14×2.88×6.67×3.52×1.72×
Interest coverage3.78×4.07×7.5×-1.98×-11.18×1.79×1.19×1.71×
Dividend yield3.4%4.7%4.2%5.3%3.9%5.1%4.3%3.4%
Payout ratio82.9%30.5%257.4%69.8%26.1%117.9%60.1%20.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.0%25.4%3.7%11.5%38.9%20.6%17.1%56.0%
Return on invested capital4.7%7.5%19.6%-3.2%-11.8%1.5%2.1%5.1%
Return on assets1.5%4.1%0.5%1.4%3.9%1.1%1.6%5.9%
Free cash flow yield-2.2%-4.4%-1.1%22.5%-1.3%4.0%-1.3%3.0%
Earnings yield4.1%15.4%1.6%7.5%14.8%4.3%7.1%16.7%
Enterprise value€79.7B€62.7B€61.7B€51.2B€62.8B€53.8B€51.9B€25.2B
Net debt / EBITDA4.52×2.41×4.98×3.83×2.8×4.07×6.37×0.98×
Cash conversion cycle (days)8-16-15-8824-13-17