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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+58.8%
€32.74
vs €20.62 price
Levered DCF
€36.77
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.08
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E23.44×34.85×-18.45×15.46×17.79×25.17×16.39×10.96×
P/B0.77×0.86×0.96×0.76×1.43×1.55×1.41×1.32×
P/S0.44×0.51×0.56×0.45×0.89×1.02×0.97×0.68×
EV / EBITDA5.21×6.31×12.21×5.75×7.54×8.82×7.78×7.1×
Gross margin23.1%24.7%22.2%22.9%26.9%27.6%28.2%30.8%
Operating margin4.6%6.9%4.1%7.7%8.3%7.3%9.8%10.4%
Net margin1.9%1.5%-3.0%2.9%5.0%3.8%5.9%6.2%
Current ratio1.48×1.36×1.46×1.83×1.53×1.7×1.86×1.67×
Debt / equity0.48×0.42×0.48×0.39×0.39×0.48×0.5×0.5×
Interest coverage2.94×10.73×5.83×11.69×9.62×5.18×10.63×12.76×
Dividend yield8.8%7.0%6.3%6.5%4.0%4.3%4.2%5.2%
Payout ratio205.7%245.5%-117.2%100.9%71.8%115.3%69.3%57.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity3.3%2.5%-5.2%4.9%8.0%5.8%8.6%12.1%
Return on invested capital2.6%3.5%3.5%4.7%4.7%3.6%5.4%7.3%
Return on assets1.4%1.1%-2.2%2.5%3.3%2.2%3.5%4.6%
Free cash flow yield11.2%11.2%9.3%9.4%7.0%6.2%3.5%6.6%
Earnings yield4.3%2.8%-5.4%6.5%5.6%3.7%6.1%9.1%
Enterprise value€9.6B€11.1B€12.1B€11.9B€16.5B€15.7B€16B€13.1B
Net debt / EBITDA1.83×1.88×3.53×1.73×1.46×1.84×1.6×1.56×
Cash conversion cycle (days)7385776568726772