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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+172.7%
€29.73
vs €10.90 price
Levered DCF
€34.31
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.11
Distress zone
Rating
A+
Overall 5 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.19×15.03×25.24×22.14×26.5×60.84×46.4×73.71×
P/B2.48×2.36×2.93×1.81×2.06×2.23×2.59×2.02×
P/S3.74×4.84×6.55×4.89×6.23×7.74×8.81×8.85×
EV / EBITDA4.74×7.28×11.76×8.63×10.76×18.1×15.07×19.44×
Gross margin74.3%69.0%66.2%64.3%66.5%61.6%71.4%63.8%
Operating margin43.9%36.9%33.0%24.5%24.7%13.6%28.8%15.4%
Net margin36.8%32.2%27.8%21.9%22.9%12.7%19.1%12.0%
Current ratio1.16×1.17×1.21×1.22×1.27×1.28×1.36×1.5×
Debt / equity0×0×0×0×0×0×0×0×
Interest coverage784.31×375.13×335.76×148.26×79.01×31.04×63.12×28.73×
Dividend yield5.5%5.6%3.0%4.9%1.9%1.8%3.4%5.4%
Payout ratio55.4%83.5%69.6%110.2%51.5%109.1%158.8%400.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity24.4%15.7%12.4%8.1%7.6%3.7%5.6%2.7%
Return on invested capital19.8%12.9%10.6%6.7%6.6%2.9%5.2%2.5%
Return on assets4.5%3.5%3.3%2.3%2.2%1.1%2.0%1.1%
Free cash flow yield15.7%5.9%4.5%2.5%5.7%1.8%3.3%0.6%
Earnings yield9.8%6.6%4.2%4.5%3.7%1.6%2.2%1.4%
Enterprise value€214.7M€192.8M€243.8M€122.8M€151.4M€167.4M€206.7M€148.7M
Net debt / EBITDA-2.35×-2.57×-3.03×-4.24×-5.09×-7.34×-5.35×-9.76×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-88-68-66-34-44-80-47-55