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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+96.4%
€46.15
vs €23.50 price
Levered DCF
€39.18
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.62
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E17.04×15.24×17.12×13.82×17.62×22.89×24.78×24.2×
P/B2.82×2.44×2.61×2.4×3.36×5.41×5.73×4.98×
P/S1.63×1.4×1.59×1.41×1.87×2.46×2.6×2.17×
EV / EBITDA10.03×8.98×10.78×9.15×11.55×14.21×15.48×14.65×
Gross margin21.5%45.4%43.6%41.8%43.1%44.4%44.9%44.2%
Operating margin14.6%15.0%14.2%14.3%15.2%16.0%15.8%15.6%
Net margin9.6%9.2%9.2%10.2%10.6%10.7%10.4%9.0%
Current ratio2.11×1.86×1.92×1.86×1.61×1.11×1.25×1.06×
Debt / equity0.85×0.77×0.79×0.99×1.05×1.4×1.62×1.6×
Interest coverage4.27×7.49×4.73×5.92×6.88×6.2×5.32×4.57×
Dividend yield1.7%1.7%1.5%1.5%1.2%0.4%0.6%0.7%
Payout ratio28.6%26.1%25.9%20.9%21.4%9.7%15.5%16.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity16.5%16.1%15.2%17.3%19.1%23.5%23.0%20.6%
Return on invested capital10.5%11.3%10.9%9.5%10.4%11.6%10.3%10.4%
Return on assets7.3%7.4%7.0%7.2%7.6%7.9%7.0%6.2%
Free cash flow yield7.3%6.8%5.7%9.4%5.4%5.4%4.0%5.6%
Earnings yield5.8%6.6%5.8%7.2%5.7%4.4%4.0%4.1%
Enterprise value€1.8B€1.5B€1.4B€1.2B€1.3B€1.6B€1.7B€1.3B
Net debt / EBITDA1.55×1.63×1.74×2.02×2.28×2.35×2.64×2.89×
Cash conversion cycle (days)4752485554473852