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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+185.6%
€29.42
vs €10.30 price
Levered DCF
€25.18
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.18
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E29.78×9.07×11.11×12.08×7.91×13.33×15.83×17.73×
P/B1.42×1.42×1.47×1.12×1.53×1.54×2.15×2.63×
P/S0.51×0.43×0.78×0.49×0.69×0.57×0.67×0.74×
EV / EBITDA5.82×5.07×8.03×6.36×6.14×6.64×8.24×7.86×
Gross margin60.2%59.6%60.3%63.7%64.6%65.3%65.1%64.4%
Operating margin6.1%8.0%8.6%7.9%12.0%9.3%8.2%8.1%
Net margin1.7%4.7%7.0%4.1%8.7%4.3%4.2%4.2%
Current ratio1.46×1.62×1.57×1.26×1.22×1.3×1.22×1.31×
Debt / equity1.64×2.03×1.21×1.59×1.77×2.03×2.78×2.51×
Interest coverage2.61×3.16×4.63×3.72×5.93×3.06×3.5×2.78×
Dividend yield0.3%3.1%0.3%1.9%1.4%1.0%1.7%0.1%
Payout ratio8.3%28.3%3.3%23.2%10.9%14.0%26.8%2.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity4.7%15.7%13.2%9.3%19.3%11.5%13.7%14.9%
Return on invested capital3.4%4.8%4.1%4.4%5.7%5.0%3.6%4.8%
Return on assets1.0%3.0%3.5%2.1%4.1%2.0%2.1%2.4%
Free cash flow yield9.9%11.3%-1.0%24.4%7.8%5.6%7.2%4.5%
Earnings yield3.3%11.1%9.0%8.3%12.6%7.4%6.3%5.7%
Enterprise value€7.9B€7.6B€10.3B€7.6B€8.4B€6.9B€8.4B€7.4B
Net debt / EBITDA2.19×2.47×2.94×3.18×2.78×3.27×4.12×3.15×
Cash conversion cycle (days)2651106111130755-2