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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+404.4%
€109.41
vs €21.69 price
Levered DCF
€120.23
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.36
Distress zone
Rating
C+
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E24.86×17.23×14.73×23.34×25.29×33.4×34.04×25.51×
P/B4.49×5.78×5.85×7.75×8.97×10.22×8×7.69×
P/S1.19×2.24×2.39×2.91×3.3×3.72×2.33×2.41×
EV / EBITDA6.74×10.63×8.75×12.07×13.43×17.31×13.9×13.05×
Gross margin32.9%55.4%46.9%42.3%41.4%40.6%39.1%38.9%
Operating margin15.4%17.2%19.9%18.7%17.4%16.9%9.6%14.2%
Net margin4.8%13.0%16.2%12.5%13.0%11.1%6.8%9.5%
Current ratio0.64×0.72×0.79×0.8×0.75×0.89×0.67×0.7×
Debt / equity2.32×1.96×0.4×0.51×0.63×0.78×0.5×0.18×
Interest coverage6.32×13.08×76.63×46.38×65.5×55.05×62.9×33.78×
Dividend yield8.7%4.8%4.0%3.2%2.2%1.2%2.6%2.9%
Payout ratio215.3%82.4%59.6%74.5%56.7%39.0%88.9%74.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity18.0%33.5%39.7%33.3%35.5%30.6%23.4%30.2%
Return on invested capital9.2%10.2%22.9%22.0%19.0%16.8%12.0%19.3%
Return on assets3.0%6.1%11.3%9.2%9.2%7.3%4.7%7.7%
Free cash flow yield11.3%6.2%8.0%4.2%7.0%3.2%3.0%3.5%
Earnings yield4.0%5.8%6.8%4.3%4.0%3.0%2.9%3.9%
Enterprise value€6B€8.5B€6.2B€7.1B€7.4B€7B€4.6B€4.3B
Net debt / EBITDA1.8×2.06×-0.16×-0.08×-0.15×-0.32×0.25×-0.19×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-9-85-107-37-37-18-28-29