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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+21.7%
€9.55
vs €7.85 price
Levered DCF
€3.79
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.57
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E8.84×8.9×6.17×6.53×7.72×10.56×11.64×11.48×
P/B0.71×0.73×0.77×0.87×0.86×1.32×1.12×1.21×
P/S0.6×0.61×0.61×0.61×0.71×1.13×0.93×0.97×
EV / EBITDA4.47×4.77×3.65×4.01×4.08×5.53×5.4×6.25×
Gross margin27.3%25.1%27.4%29.2%24.9%27.7%24.1%24.9%
Operating margin11.1%8.6%13.0%14.0%11.0%15.2%10.4%12.5%
Net margin6.8%6.8%9.9%9.3%9.1%10.7%8.1%8.4%
Current ratio2.95×2.8×2.95×2.68×2.42×2.56×2.36×2.2×
Debt / equity0.33×0.4×0.33×0.32×0.18×0.19×0.23×0.27×
Interest coverage9.42×6.8×11.45×37.25×29.72×28.22×16.03×17.63×
Dividend yield2.0%1.8%1.9%1.7%1.3%0.7%0.8%0.7%
Payout ratio17.3%16.5%11.7%11.3%9.7%7.1%9.8%8.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.0%8.1%12.4%13.2%11.1%12.4%9.7%10.5%
Return on invested capital7.0%5.5%9.5%11.1%9.0%10.9%7.3%8.3%
Return on assets5.1%4.8%7.6%8.0%7.3%8.4%6.4%6.4%
Free cash flow yield0.3%-10.7%14.9%-10.7%2.4%4.6%8.3%0.9%
Earnings yield11.3%11.1%16.2%15.3%12.9%9.5%8.6%8.6%
Enterprise value€115.4M€110.1M€93.5M€102.1M€78.6M€107.9M€84.5M€87.3M
Net debt / EBITDA0.64×0.6×0.01×0.39×-0.11×-0.1×0.08×0.38×
Cash conversion cycle (days)17415414117112111690102