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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+113.1%
€114.21
vs €53.60 price
Levered DCF
€82.52
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
5.87
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E25.25×20.62×25.32×25.08×336.28×-33.83×19.97×21.17×
P/B2.97×2.93×3×2.05×1.84×2.12×2.48×2.41×
P/S4.14×4.24×4.58×3.92×5.48×7.65×3.7×3.62×
EV / EBITDA10.98×9.81×10.69×9.55×13.82×57.66×8.96×9.19×
Gross margin41.9%50.0%52.1%45.2%28.7%52.5%80.8%79.2%
Operating margin29.3%28.5%29.5%23.7%4.2%-22.9%29.5%26.9%
Net margin16.4%20.5%18.1%15.6%1.6%-22.7%18.5%17.2%
Current ratio1.59×1.65×1.54×1.83×1.21×0.87×0.87×0.64×
Debt / equity0.04×0.04×0.04×0.21×0.05×0.37×0.28×0.3×
Interest coverage76.93×105.22×22.85×12.19×1.31×-4.86×14.12×13.58×
Dividend yield3.0%2.5%1.5%0.0%0.0%3.2%2.4%2.0%
Payout ratio74.8%51.2%38.3%0.0%0.0%-108.3%47.1%41.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.8%14.2%11.8%8.2%0.5%-6.3%12.4%11.4%
Return on invested capital11.5%11.2%10.9%6.8%0.6%-2.9%9.5%8.0%
Return on assets7.5%9.0%7.7%4.8%0.3%-3.5%6.9%6.4%
Free cash flow yield1.3%6.1%6.7%10.2%2.0%-4.8%6.2%5.0%
Earnings yield4.0%4.8%3.9%4.0%0.3%-3.0%5.0%4.7%
Enterprise value€4.7B€4.5B€4.3B€2.9B€2.2B€2.8B€3.4B€3.2B
Net debt / EBITDA0.06×0.07×0.06×0.58×-0.43×5.6×0.71×0.93×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-121461839125-58-48