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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+351.7%
€103.53
vs €22.92 price
Levered DCF
€96.11
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.15
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.76×13.24×19.49×30.48×14.36×11.54×13.72×9.82×
P/B2.26×2.2×2.09×1.65×1.73×1.2×1.99×1.73×
P/S1.42×1.32×1.15×0.95×1.11×0.85×0.89×0.75×
EV / EBITDA8.38×7.27×7.33×6.52×9.13×7.04×10.87×10.31×
Gross margin25.9%40.3%27.0%35.7%34.3%34.3%31.3%31.8%
Operating margin14.5%15.8%22.8%6.3%12.0%11.6%11.4%10.8%
Net margin11.1%10.0%5.9%3.1%7.8%7.4%6.5%7.7%
Current ratio0.64×0.71×0.66×0.7×0.75×0.98×0.51×0.68×
Debt / equity0.54×0.47×0.54×0.63×0.69×0.81×1.71×1.57×
Interest coverage13.03×12.78×20.54×6.76×10.29×6.44×6.07×5.75×
Dividend yield6.8%6.4%6.6%7.7%7.2%0.2%8.1%9.7%
Payout ratio86.3%85.3%129.2%235.3%102.8%2.7%110.6%94.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity17.7%16.6%10.7%5.4%12.1%10.5%14.5%17.7%
Return on invested capital9.8%13.6%16.9%4.2%8.8%7.3%6.7%7.8%
Return on assets7.4%7.4%4.5%2.2%5.0%4.2%3.9%4.8%
Free cash flow yield10.5%10.0%11.4%13.7%11.2%14.0%12.2%14.3%
Earnings yield7.8%7.5%5.1%3.3%7.0%8.7%7.3%10.2%
Enterprise value€4.1B€3.8B€3.6B€3.2B€3.7B€3B€4.7B€4B
Net debt / EBITDA1.34×0.99×1.25×1.54×2.09×1.9×4.86×4.73×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-3-9348382011-13