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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+846.2%
€213.75
vs €22.59 price
Levered DCF
-€192.24
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.83
Grey zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E21.39×10.4×-5.65×13.63×-207.62×9.61×13.17×20.34×
P/B1.91×1.34×1.39×1.8×1.98×1.35×1.51×1.45×
P/S3.27×2.09×1.75×1.57×0.21×0.36×3.59×3.27×
EV / EBITDA13.61×8.61×6.02×7.41×7.02×7.38×10.06×15.16×
Gross margin27.4%43.2%43.3%37.8%6.4%9.6%47.6%44.2%
Operating margin18.8%22.8%24.8%21.3%5.5%5.8%36.1%21.7%
Net margin15.3%20.1%-30.8%11.5%-0.1%3.7%27.2%16.1%
Current ratio2.2×3.48×1.98×1.08×1×1.08×2.09×1.13×
Debt / equity0.57×0.53×0.73×1.01×1.42×0.82×0.52×0.51×
Interest coverage5.96×8.72×6.2×7.48×30.64×16.69×10.81×7.69×
Dividend yield7.7%8.5%7.0%7.3%4.2%5.6%5.0%5.7%
Payout ratio164.2%88.7%-39.5%100.2%-872.8%53.6%65.9%115.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.0%12.8%-24.5%13.2%-0.9%14.1%11.4%7.1%
Return on invested capital5.0%6.9%9.6%10.6%4.2%6.1%7.7%4.6%
Return on assets4.7%6.7%-11.0%4.3%-0.1%3.2%6.3%3.8%
Free cash flow yield2.1%7.6%10.6%-67.3%15.8%8.3%6.8%1.3%
Earnings yield4.7%9.6%-17.7%7.3%-0.5%10.4%7.6%4.9%
Enterprise value€18.2B€12.9B€13.7B€17.7B€33.6B€25.9B€24.9B€22.7B
Net debt / EBITDA1.44×0.52×0.86×1.62×2.01×2.38×2.16×3.7×
Cash conversion cycle (days)738757193473398114