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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-23.7%
€51.11
vs €67.00 price
Levered DCF
€96.62
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
4.16
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E34.25×16.75×19.64×20.21×17.8×-60.33×21.34×20.67×
P/B5.01×2.15×2.36×2.61×2.81×2.22×2.21×2.74×
P/S1.67×0.77×0.85×0.98×1.07×0.8×0.84×0.82×
EV / EBITDA13.64×6.58×7.19×7.89×6.08×18.29×7.62×8.84×
Gross margin73.7%77.4%74.8%75.0%77.3%74.9%73.3%73.4%
Operating margin8.3%7.3%5.3%5.8%7.8%7.5%6.0%5.5%
Net margin4.9%4.6%4.3%4.9%6.0%-1.3%3.9%4.0%
Current ratio1.82×2.2×1.95×1.98×1.94×2.01×2.07×2.05×
Debt / equity0.3×0.3×0.27×0.28×0.34×0.42×0.42×0.1×
Interest coverage21.61×14.69×10.28×30.49×42.99×17.99×12.34×16.52×
Dividend yield0.4%0.9%0.8%0.7%0.6%0.8%0.5%6.1%
Payout ratio12.7%14.5%15.9%14.2%10.0%-49.4%11.2%127.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.6%12.8%12.0%12.9%15.8%-3.7%10.3%13.2%
Return on invested capital11.7%9.2%6.6%7.9%9.7%9.6%7.3%17.2%
Return on assets5.6%5.6%5.0%5.5%6.3%-1.5%4.3%5.7%
Free cash flow yield3.6%3.2%3.8%1.1%11.9%20.9%5.2%-0.1%
Earnings yield2.9%6.0%5.1%5.0%5.6%-1.7%4.7%4.8%
Enterprise value€931.2M€354.1M€329.7M€337.1M€294.4M€194.8M€234.4M€197.3M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.58×-0.27×-0.71×-0.96×-1.26×-4.27×-0.62×-1.67×
Cash conversion cycle (days)173143148146126123112105