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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+27.7%
€25.89
vs €20.27 price
Levered DCF
€39.97
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.03
Safe zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E9.63×11.73×8.08×6.97×37.04×-14.83×22.92×15.51×
P/B2.44×2.59×2.28×2.47×2.31×2.3×2.79×2.49×
P/S0.55×0.57×0.48×0.38×0.44×0.64×0.74×0.67×
EV / EBITDA5.4×4.22×3.54×2.89×5.85×8.73×6.63×5.91×
Gross margin10.6%12.8%19.2%9.9%11.4%1.5%8.1%11.3%
Operating margin9.0%12.0%16.9%9.5%11.1%-1.1%8.1%9.5%
Net margin5.7%4.9%6.0%5.5%1.2%-4.3%3.2%4.3%
Current ratio1.68×1.72×1.54×1.63×1.37×1.93×1.6×1.79×
Debt / equity1.11×1.05×1.23×1.27×1.8×1.53×0.93×0.71×
Interest coverage7.69×10.37×16.24×16.73×13.56×-0.82×7.38×39.73×
Dividend yield4.4%3.5%4.2%4.1%7.0%5.5%4.5%4.5%
Payout ratio42.9%40.3%34.0%28.5%260.7%-81.2%103.9%69.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity25.3%22.2%28.2%35.4%6.3%-15.5%12.1%16.2%
Return on invested capital9.1%10.8%16.5%11.2%3.4%-1.2%4.9%8.5%
Return on assets7.3%6.2%7.5%9.2%1.3%-3.9%3.9%5.8%
Free cash flow yield3.0%8.7%15.6%19.4%3.9%3.3%6.3%3.2%
Earnings yield10.4%8.6%12.4%14.4%2.7%-6.8%4.4%6.5%
Enterprise value€13.3B€14.8B€13.3B€13.1B€10.6B€10.4B€15B€13.2B
Net debt / EBITDA1.03×0.75×0.86×0.62×1.95×2.64×1.18×0.78×
Cash conversion cycle (days)473743315433532