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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+31.3%
€14.64
vs €11.15 price
Levered DCF
€19.27
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.24
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.43×11.82×10.61×12.44×11.84×20.53×13.92×12.19×
P/B1.5×1.32×1.32×1.38×1.89×1.13×1.31×1.37×
P/S1.09×0.99×0.93×0.94×1.39×0.69×0.7×0.74×
EV / EBITDA5.27×4.19×4.19×4.06×7.03×5.67×6.11×5.27×
Gross margin71.6%72.0%54.1%53.3%53.6%49.3%48.6%48.9%
Operating margin10.3%11.4%12.5%11.8%12.2%6.3%7.4%10.2%
Net margin7.1%8.4%8.8%7.5%11.8%3.4%5.0%6.0%
Current ratio2.2×2.53×2.41×1.92×1.74×1.98×1.65×1.61×
Debt / equity0.2×0.25×0.37×0.22×0.4×0.58×0.5×0.31×
Interest coverage0×15.32×35.59×48.22×30.85×16.66×23.21×44.33×
Dividend yield4.0%4.6%4.6%4.4%5.2%0.0%4.7%5.0%
Payout ratio61.9%53.5%49.0%54.7%61.9%0.0%65.3%61.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.8%11.2%12.4%11.0%16.0%5.6%9.4%11.2%
Return on invested capital8.3%8.5%8.8%10.4%8.6%3.6%6.1%9.0%
Return on assets6.0%6.8%7.1%6.5%7.7%2.7%4.5%5.9%
Free cash flow yield9.2%15.5%7.7%10.9%12.3%12.4%2.4%9.6%
Earnings yield6.5%8.5%9.4%8.0%8.5%4.9%7.2%8.1%
Enterprise value€118.3M€96.6M€101.2M€101.5M€160.5M€92M€111.2M€104.7M
Net debt / EBITDA-1.47×-1.49×-0.93×-0.95×-0.05×0.22×0.73×0.23×
Cash conversion cycle (days)14547678608879120