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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+84.9%
€3.59
vs €1.94 price
Levered DCF
€5.98
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
5.26
Safe zone
Rating
A+
Overall 5 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E19.83×20.66×12.07×7.56×9.67×18.84×17.49×15.71×
P/B1.84×1.09×1.43×1.01×1.07×0.84×0.83×0.65×
P/S1.19×0.9×0.86×0.69×0.67×0.65×0.6×0.56×
EV / EBITDA13.44×12.16×7.79×5.08×6.48×12.06×10.81×9.93×
Gross margin20.4%20.6%21.3%28.6%24.7%18.5%18.7%20.8%
Operating margin7.2%4.9%8.6%12.4%9.3%3.2%4.1%4.4%
Net margin5.9%4.3%7.1%9.3%7.0%3.4%3.4%3.5%
Current ratio4.21×5.56×4.2×4.37×4.25×4.42×4.8×4.21×
Debt / equity0×0×0.02×0.05×0.12×0.19×0.16×0.16×
Interest coverage86.92×83.19×52.61×59.14×28.96×10.01×8.26×8.13×
Dividend yield3.2%5.5%4.1%4.5%3.0%4.2%1.8%1.6%
Payout ratio63.7%113.2%50.8%33.9%28.8%79.9%32.2%24.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.1%5.3%11.7%13.6%11.2%4.4%4.7%4.1%
Return on invested capital7.7%4.3%9.7%11.9%9.0%2.4%3.3%2.9%
Return on assets7.0%4.3%9.1%10.3%8.1%3.1%3.4%3.0%
Free cash flow yield7.7%6.4%8.9%9.1%8.8%2.1%4.3%-5.0%
Earnings yield5.0%4.8%8.2%13.4%10.5%5.3%5.7%6.4%
Enterprise value€52.9M€31.2M€42.1M€29.7M€29.9M€23.4M€22.7M€18.4M
Net debt / EBITDA-1.1×-0.71×-0.28×0.1×0.42×1.84×1.51×1.73×
Cash conversion cycle (days)181255185254225260237290