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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+84.2%
€36.76
vs €19.96 price
Levered DCF
€16.23
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.77
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E27.12×26.12×27.62×31.87×-33.86×-67.52×51.7×48.88×
P/B3.12×3.35×3.63×3.33×5.95×5.56×5.07×3.12×
P/S5.42×5.17×4.9×5.04×10.13×9.34×7.66×5.81×
EV / EBITDA14.28×16.47×15.09×17.63×103.39×52.92×22.9×22.58×
Gross margin48.0%51.6%40.2%47.0%21.5%25.8%51.6%52.7%
Operating margin39.5%37.1%39.6%40.9%11.8%17.0%34.5%36.8%
Net margin20.1%19.6%17.8%15.7%-29.6%-13.8%14.6%12.1%
Current ratio3.31×1.36×3.18×2.45×2.23×2.41×2.04×2.28×
Debt / equity1.85×2.21×2.19×2.18×4.02×3.61×3.02×2.42×
Interest coverage3.03×2.47×3.4×3.35×0.55×0.75×1.99×2.24×
Dividend yield3.6%3.6%3.0%0.7%0.3%0.0%2.3%2.6%
Payout ratio98.1%94.0%83.1%21.5%-11.8%0.0%121.4%123.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.6%12.7%13.2%10.4%-17.4%-8.2%9.7%6.5%
Return on invested capital7.3%6.8%6.7%7.5%1.1%1.8%5.0%5.3%
Return on assets3.6%3.4%3.6%2.9%-2.8%-1.4%2.0%1.6%
Free cash flow yield5.5%8.5%10.0%9.3%0.4%1.0%4.2%4.8%
Earnings yield3.7%3.8%3.6%3.1%-2.9%-1.5%1.9%2.1%
Enterprise value€12.3B€12.3B€13.1B€12.2B€12.4B€11.9B€12.7B€10.5B
Net debt / EBITDA4.21×5.29×4.76×5.93×38.11×19.16×7.95×9.11×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-23-15-26-2839-18-20