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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+61.1%
€44.70
vs €27.75 price
Levered DCF
€37.01
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.5
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E14.91×12.49×16.63×19.29×40.48×31.42×22.38×9.17×
P/B1.86×2.15×3.34×4.44×7.56×2.45×2.3×1.44×
P/S0.55×0.67×1×1.22×2.15×0.71×0.71×0.44×
EV / EBITDA9.31×6.9×9.04×10.22×20.33×7.26×6.68×6.56×
Gross margin12.5%11.1%17.6%18.3%16.8%15.7%16.4%18.9%
Operating margin4.7%8.2%8.5%7.4%7.2%3.7%5.0%6.0%
Net margin3.7%5.3%6.0%6.3%5.3%2.2%3.2%4.8%
Current ratio1.08×1.21×1.19×1.44×1.23×1.2×1.4×1.54×
Debt / equity0.56×0.59×0.43×0.41×0.64×0.36×0.4×0.95×
Interest coverage6.86×9.02×19.54×39.78×28.32×6.53×6.73×14.41×
Dividend yield2.7%2.3%1.5%1.0%0.4%1.7%2.6%4.3%
Payout ratio39.6%28.3%24.5%19.9%17.6%53.0%57.8%39.5%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.5%17.1%20.1%23.0%18.6%7.8%10.3%15.7%
Return on invested capital6.8%11.1%13.3%12.3%10.7%4.4%4.9%8.4%
Return on assets5.1%7.1%8.6%9.3%6.6%2.4%3.1%5.4%
Free cash flow yield8.1%11.6%4.5%5.6%3.8%17.7%9.8%21.8%
Earnings yield6.7%8.0%6.0%5.2%2.5%3.2%4.5%10.9%
Enterprise value€576.9M€661.3M€839.2M€898.3M€1.2B€290.1M€303.7M€243.2M
Net debt / EBITDA1.4×0.83×0.36×0.05×0.52×-0.61×-0.06×1.61×
Cash conversion cycle (days)88779184907510181