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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-51.0%
€23.04
vs €47.00 price
Levered DCF
€34.50
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
4.19
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20.26×45.5×22.41×22.77×39.39×62.27×21.94×23.54×
P/B2.65×2.53×2.53×2.36×2.4×2.6×2.63×2.92×
P/S1.77×1.61×1.38×1.4×1.62×1.77×1.24×1.31×
EV / EBITDA20.25×10.25×10.5×10.49×16.1×20.26×10.77×11.58×
Gross margin16.6%52.3%49.0%45.3%44.7%45.1%43.8%44.7%
Operating margin5.0%11.0%9.2%9.2%6.0%4.5%8.2%8.2%
Net margin8.7%3.5%6.1%6.1%4.1%2.8%5.6%5.6%
Current ratio1.57×1.7×1.48×1.48×1.6×1.72×1.52×1.49×
Debt / equity0.05×0.05×0.06×0.04×0.04×0.05×0.05×0×
Interest coverage5.62×14.44×14.15×30.91×20.5×9.4×21.61×22.32×
Dividend yield1.4%4.1%4.3%0.9%0.8%3.0%3.0%2.6%
Payout ratio29.2%187.8%95.5%20.1%32.2%184.5%65.4%60.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.1%5.5%11.3%10.4%6.1%4.2%12.0%12.4%
Return on invested capital4.5%10.7%10.7%9.8%5.6%4.0%10.7%11.5%
Return on assets6.7%3.1%5.5%5.1%3.3%2.4%6.1%6.1%
Free cash flow yield3.5%3.1%3.5%5.2%5.4%-0.0%4.1%4.3%
Earnings yield4.9%2.2%4.5%4.4%2.5%1.6%4.5%4.3%
Enterprise value€3.7B€3.5B€3.4B€3.2B€3.1B€3.2B€3.3B€3.3B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.01×-0.18×-0.23×-0.41×-0.99×-0.4×-0.28×-0.53×
Cash conversion cycle (days)283304287283267277199198