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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+1001.4%
€134.37
vs €12.20 price
Levered DCF
€76.94
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.97
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E22.85×21.76×19.13×28.46×39.34×35×20.83×23.58×
P/B1.91×3.37×3.69×4.31×5.8×6.68×3.34×5.06×
P/S1.1×1.9×1.81×2.28×3.39×3.09×1.64×2.2×
EV / EBITDA5.76×10.68×10.67×14.31×19.25×19.11×9.67×14.49×
Gross margin15.6%23.8%25.4%34.6%34.8%33.0%30.5%31.9%
Operating margin5.5%11.2%12.2%11.1%11.7%11.2%9.5%12.0%
Net margin4.8%8.8%9.5%8.0%8.7%8.8%6.9%9.4%
Current ratio1.27×1.89×1.65×1.59×2.07×1.32×2.19×2.69×
Debt / equity0.49×0.21×0.29×0.27×0.24×0.45×0.19×0.17×
Interest coverage8.94×26.47×31.75×25.71×54.7×68.36×73.08×103.27×
Dividend yield3.6%2.1%1.5%1.3%1.0%1.2%2.4%1.7%
Payout ratio81.7%45.1%29.5%36.0%37.2%40.6%56.1%41.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.4%15.5%19.3%15.1%14.9%19.1%14.1%21.5%
Return on invested capital5.2%12.4%14.6%11.7%12.5%12.7%11.4%18.1%
Return on assets4.2%9.5%10.7%8.1%8.9%8.8%8.8%13.7%
Free cash flow yield10.3%10.1%5.1%6.2%4.0%3.4%9.8%6.9%
Earnings yield4.4%4.6%5.2%3.5%2.6%2.9%4.2%4.2%
Enterprise value€222M€318.9M€331.2M€319.1M€329.3M€235.7M€89.6M€101.6M
Net debt / EBITDA0.28×-1.16×-0.37×-1.01×-1.44×-0.41×-1.67×-1.39×
Cash conversion cycle (days)230483338373341