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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+630.6%
€104.84
vs €14.35 price
Levered DCF
€108.36
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.35
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.31×19.2×35.22×13.75×14.17×16.68×20.06×16.49×
P/B1.42×1.95×2.33×2.68×3.65×3.46×2.96×3.33×
P/S0.28×0.37×0.43×0.52×0.7×0.64×0.57×0.69×
EV / EBITDA6.24×6.75×9.82×7.18×7.51×7.97×8.95×9.69×
Gross margin43.9%44.6%44.0%43.8%44.2%44.3%43.4%42.7%
Operating margin1.9%4.8%3.7%5.8%7.8%6.8%5.2%5.3%
Net margin1.7%1.9%1.2%3.8%4.9%3.8%2.8%4.2%
Current ratio1.29×1.33×1.39×1.36×1.36×1.32×1.4×1.36×
Debt / equity1.34×1.43×1.52×1.19×1.17×1.31×1.43×0.36×
Interest coverage1.72×3.91×3.62×5.28×7.39×10.36×6.53×53.57×
Dividend yield6.8%4.9%6.0%6.4%3.8%4.0%4.0%3.2%
Payout ratio110.5%93.9%210.0%87.8%53.4%66.0%80.8%53.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.7%10.2%6.7%19.5%25.8%20.8%14.8%20.2%
Return on invested capital2.6%5.7%3.7%8.6%12.8%10.1%6.6%12.4%
Return on assets2.5%2.9%1.8%5.9%7.7%5.6%4.0%7.6%
Free cash flow yield23.0%22.3%0.7%5.9%8.7%19.0%8.2%5.7%
Earnings yield6.1%5.2%2.9%7.3%7.1%6.0%5.0%6.1%
Enterprise value€313.5M€389M€453.7M€477.7M€575.9M€498M€451.1M€376.6M
Net debt / EBITDA2.8×2.62×3.65×1.89×1.3×1.62×2.66×0.35×
Cash conversion cycle (days)8082948973609296