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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+150.2%
€195.15
vs €78.00 price
Levered DCF
€147.21
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
1.23
Distress zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E18.41×32.87×18.55×6.81×6.6×-248.55×10.46×21.63×
P/B2.03×1.71×2.23×2.14×2.72×3.36×3.11×2.91×
P/S0.61×0.55×0.72×0.72×1.06×1.12×1.04×0.93×
EV / EBITDA5.33×5.93×6.23×5.14×5.8×14.22×7.14×7.05×
Gross margin35.8%35.2%35.3%35.2%38.3%36.9%39.1%37.8%
Operating margin11.8%11.8%10.6%14.9%20.4%3.1%15.2%14.0%
Net margin3.3%1.7%3.9%10.6%16.1%-0.4%9.9%4.3%
Current ratio0.93×0.77×0.77×0.78×0.79×0.83×0.68×0.87×
Debt / equity2.37×1.82×1.87×1.69×1.96×2.76×2.13×2.09×
Interest coverage5.49×5.17×5.05×9.35×9.7×1.17×6.87×5.8×
Dividend yield7.3%7.3%6.1%2.0%3.4%1.4%1.9%5.2%
Payout ratio134.0%240.8%113.7%13.7%22.5%-340.9%20.0%113.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity11.0%5.2%12.1%31.3%41.1%-1.3%29.7%13.4%
Return on invested capital5.7%4.6%7.0%7.5%9.1%-1.0%6.9%6.8%
Return on assets1.8%0.9%2.1%5.8%7.2%-0.2%5.1%2.3%
Free cash flow yield14.9%18.6%8.1%12.0%11.1%6.7%9.0%11.2%
Earnings yield5.4%3.0%5.4%14.7%15.1%-0.4%9.6%4.6%
Enterprise value€33.2B€31.4B€37.6B€34.3B€37B€36.4B€40.1B€32.9B
Net debt / EBITDA2.51×2.84×2.63×2.04×2.14×5.55×2.72×2.59×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-646171-3-2-42