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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+747.8%
€2,480.62
vs €292.60 price
Levered DCF
€3,871.42
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.86
Grey zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.16×12.5×14.3×28.67×16.37×17.8×16.18×13.24×
P/B2.48×2.47×2.58×2.47×1.7×1.43×1.97×1.6×
P/S1.2×10.96×1.19×16.12×0.77×0.68×0.96×0.74×
EV / EBITDA0×9.4×14.22×16.68×13.18×12.45×11.63×9.1×
Gross margin100.0%95.2%97.1%94.5%100.0%100.0%100.0%78.1%
Operating margin0.0%121.0%8.4%102.6%6.6%5.2%8.6%8.0%
Net margin9.9%87.7%8.3%56.3%4.7%3.8%6.0%5.6%
Current ratio-0.72×91.09×1.72×87.71×20.07×36.56×26.44×30.15×
Debt / equity0.32×0.4×0.48×0.61×0.37×0.31×0.33×0.29×
Interest coverage0×21.12×11.76×14.11×17.64×11.83×18.61×16.43×
Dividend yield3.5%3.0%2.8%3.2%2.7%4.2%3.0%4.3%
Payout ratio42.5%37.3%39.7%92.6%44.1%75.1%49.3%56.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity20.4%19.7%18.0%8.6%10.4%8.0%12.2%12.1%
Return on invested capital0.0%1.9%2.9%0.9%1.1%1.4%1.3%1.2%
Return on assets3.7%3.2%2.8%1.2%1.5%1.2%1.8%1.6%
Free cash flow yield17.7%19.5%22.2%22.1%24.5%19.2%12.1%15.8%
Earnings yield8.2%8.0%7.0%3.5%6.1%5.6%6.2%7.5%
Enterprise value€35.2B€32.5B€29.9B€26.6B€23.2B€17.9B€23.1B€15.5B
Net debt / EBITDA0×0.99×1.82×2.63×1.72×1.5×1.19×0.87×
Cash conversion cycle (days)28236-102-3453600-102