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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+90.0%
€138.71
vs €73.00 price
Levered DCF
€85.96
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
4.42
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E21.98×12.77×15.78×17.3×13.23×11.26×8.8×11.08×
P/B1.27×1.17×1.33×1.73×2.35×2.12×1.47×1.61×
P/S0.7×0.67×0.79×0.91×1.22×1.11×0.68×0.74×
EV / EBITDA8.11×4.77×6.2×8.13×6.97×5.95×4.61×5.63×
Gross margin47.6%49.5%18.1%13.9%22.1%23.1%22.5%19.7%
Operating margin4.2%7.1%6.8%7.1%12.3%12.9%10.6%9.6%
Net margin3.2%5.2%5.0%5.3%9.2%9.9%7.7%6.7%
Current ratio3.54×3.32×3.3×3.65×2.84×2.91×2.81×2.54×
Debt / equity0.01×0.01×0.02×0.01×0.02×0.03×0.03×0×
Interest coverage68.12×87.11×51.93×25.84×75.72×128×102.74×85.95×
Dividend yield7.7%3.4%3.6%5.1%3.5%3.7%4.4%4.3%
Payout ratio169.1%43.9%56.6%87.4%46.5%41.3%38.8%48.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity5.8%9.1%8.4%10.0%17.8%18.8%16.7%14.5%
Return on invested capital5.6%8.7%8.2%10.8%17.1%18.0%16.0%14.9%
Return on assets4.6%7.1%6.6%8.0%12.8%13.8%12.4%10.5%
Free cash flow yield-4.1%6.8%7.7%4.6%3.5%11.8%5.1%7.1%
Earnings yield4.6%7.8%6.3%5.8%7.6%8.9%11.4%9.0%
Enterprise value€67.2M€55.4M€64.3M€86.6M€119M€91.6M€62.6M€59.7M
Net debt / EBITDA-1.13×-1.7×-1.68×-1.4×-0.92×-0.98×-0.46×-0.7×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1161028086100858389