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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+86.9%
€691.44
vs €370.00 price
Levered DCF
€1,350.31
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.32
Grey zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E28.11×12.58×14.43×7.89×16.51×12.91×-23.94×13.91×
P/B20×9.1×6.11×3.35×6.04×8.24×6.29×3.95×
P/S0.66×0.29×0.27×0.14×0.23×0.24×0.31×0.32×
EV / EBITDA16.43×6.17×7.37×5.27×7.58×3.5×4.97×4.03×
Gross margin7.6%26.4%24.7%24.1%24.7%24.2%26.6%27.1%
Operating margin2.6%1.7%6.0%2.1%2.7%-2.0%5.0%3.2%
Net margin2.4%2.3%1.9%1.8%1.4%1.9%-1.3%2.3%
Current ratio1.13×1.12×1.11×1.11×1.12×1.09×0.98×1.06×
Debt / equity6.47×7.65×4.45×5×6.02×7.97×3.46×1.39×
Interest coverage2×1.32×6.29×2.9×3.92×-2.36×6.29×3.86×
Dividend yield2.0%4.0%4.0%4.3%6.6%8.0%5.8%4.2%
Payout ratio56.4%49.7%57.5%33.6%108.8%103.2%-137.8%58.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity71.2%72.4%42.3%42.5%36.6%63.8%-26.3%28.4%
Return on invested capital6.3%4.5%16.0%5.4%5.5%-3.9%9.0%9.0%
Return on assets3.6%3.1%2.8%2.6%1.8%2.5%-1.9%3.7%
Free cash flow yield6.4%17.0%14.9%22.7%6.4%5.6%12.6%12.8%
Earnings yield3.6%7.9%6.9%12.7%6.1%7.7%-4.2%7.2%
Enterprise value€27.3B€12.5B€7.9B€5.1B€5.7B€6.2B€8.3B€7B
Net debt / EBITDA1.19×1.36×0.33×1.35×1.1×0.38×0.15×-0.33×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-18-43-37-41-34-34-38-79