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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+172.0%
€51.27
vs €18.85 price
Levered DCF
€41.14
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.54
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E9.31×12.83×10.24×16.39×13.21×17.12×33.16×26.44×
P/B3.21×3.12×2.81×3.46×3.75×3.07×3.31×1.98×
P/S1.95×1.71×1.57×1.85×2.21×1.88×2.05×1.22×
EV / EBITDA3.5×4.76×4.37×5.11×5.7×6.12×6×4.34×
Gross margin51.1%76.8%76.3%76.5%76.9%77.2%77.0%75.8%
Operating margin43.5%18.6%20.6%17.0%24.3%10.2%13.7%11.6%
Net margin21.0%13.3%15.3%11.2%16.7%11.0%6.2%4.6%
Current ratio0.65×0.77×0.75×0.71×0.72×0.85×0.82×0.9×
Debt / equity0.5×0.56×0.56×0.71×0.72×0.78×1.03×0.78×
Interest coverage62.6×17.92×21.17×14.71×18.05×5.9×4.89×5.1×
Dividend yield5.0%4.8%4.6%3.9%5.8%4.2%3.7%3.7%
Payout ratio46.5%62.0%47.0%64.3%76.4%71.7%121.4%97.8%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity34.4%24.4%27.4%21.0%28.3%18.0%10.0%7.5%
Return on invested capital39.5%13.8%16.2%12.0%14.6%6.8%7.4%5.4%
Return on assets14.4%9.6%10.8%7.8%10.7%6.1%3.2%2.6%
Free cash flow yield8.5%8.2%10.5%10.6%8.6%9.5%8.9%6.0%
Earnings yield10.7%7.8%9.7%6.1%7.6%5.9%3.0%3.8%
Enterprise value€7.3B€6.8B€6.1B€7.1B€8.2B€7.2B€7.8B€5.4B
Net debt / EBITDA0.26×0.45×0.45×0.52×0.55×0.89×0.8×0.6×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-103-243-117-243-313-140-172-314