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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+311.5%
€1,514.31
vs €368.00 price
Levered DCF
€1,306.85
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.68
Distress zone
Rating
B-
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E42.5×45.18×37.27×39.76×62.82×50.56×68.59×27.06×
P/B4.28×3.85×4.72×4.94×8.2×5.89×5.27×3.82×
P/S0.73×0.73×0.71×0.61×1.11×0.78×0.66×0.49×
EV / EBITDA7.09×6.89×6.88×7.01×11.12×7.66×7.37×10.05×
Gross margin4.8%3.2%16.5%4.7%4.8%4.7%14.1%6.1%
Operating margin4.2%4.3%4.6%4.0%3.3%3.4%3.4%3.3%
Net margin1.7%1.6%1.9%1.5%1.8%1.5%1.0%1.8%
Current ratio0.86×0.88×0.78×0.65×0.78×0.88×0.75×0.97×
Debt / equity2.59×2.34×3.35×3.98×3.42×2.7×2.91×0.94×
Interest coverage2.02×1.92×2.11×3.09×4.67×4.29×3.5×8.06×
Dividend yield0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Payout ratio0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity9.9%8.5%12.7%12.4%13.0%11.6%7.7%14.1%
Return on invested capital4.9%4.8%5.2%4.3%3.7%4.3%3.9%9.1%
Return on assets1.9%1.8%2.0%1.7%1.9%2.0%1.2%3.4%
Free cash flow yield11.7%16.1%18.3%17.2%8.5%11.6%11.9%2.0%
Earnings yield2.3%2.2%2.7%2.5%1.6%2.0%1.5%3.7%
Enterprise value€4.1B€3.5B€3.1B€2.6B€2.8B€1.7B€1.5B€748.9M
Net debt / EBITDA2.37×2.22×2.54×2.85×2.83×1.96×2.32×0.85×
Cash conversion cycle (days)2424316131478