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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-93.1%
€3.49
vs €50.28 price
Levered DCF
€3.97
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
4.04
Safe zone
Rating
C+
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E43.68×32.1×13.12×13.76×40.38×92.77×22.01×21.04×
P/B2.54×2.38×2.4×1.98×4.06×2.98×2.22×3.51×
P/S2.96×2.74×2.51×2.08×4.18×3.56×2.39×2.97×
EV / EBITDA13.98×10.58×7.57×7.51×17.03×20.27×10.01×12.09×
Gross margin40.2%41.3%46.7%44.7%38.1%32.3%36.7%37.5%
Operating margin13.9%17.0%24.9%21.6%11.8%6.0%12.8%14.1%
Net margin6.9%8.7%19.2%15.3%10.6%4.3%10.8%14.1%
Current ratio1.7×1.9×1.89×1.69×1.86×2.08×3.58×2.49×
Debt / equity0.42×0.3×0.3×0.4×0.61×0.72×0.18×0.24×
Interest coverage8.81×15.7×25.57×18.71×7.01×2.91×10.49×15.79×
Dividend yield1.0%1.1%1.0%1.2%0.6%1.1%1.6%1.3%
Payout ratio44.8%35.0%13.3%16.1%24.5%91.3%35.1%26.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.0%7.6%18.4%14.6%10.3%3.6%10.1%16.7%
Return on invested capital5.8%8.7%14.0%11.1%5.9%2.4%7.4%10.6%
Return on assets3.3%4.5%11.0%8.1%5.0%1.7%6.5%9.9%
Free cash flow yield3.3%0.1%2.4%5.6%3.4%2.3%0.8%1.4%
Earnings yield2.3%3.2%7.7%7.4%2.5%1.2%4.5%4.8%
Enterprise value€49.3B€44.3B€44.2B€34.2B€51.4B€36B€19.7B€23.4B
Net debt / EBITDA1.66×0.8×0.56×1.01×1.71×3.09×0.27×0.41×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1471481081009812511272