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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+79.2%
€280.31
vs €156.40 price
Levered DCF
€204.01
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
4.23
Safe zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E22.16×26.48×13.85×13.96×10.54×10.27×-119.7×24.16×
P/B2.29×2.19×2.33×2.5×2.45×2.66×3.75×5.1×
P/S2.7×2.56×2.7×2.65×2.44×2.11×2.44×4×
EV / EBITDA8.42×7.67×7.65×6.94×6.31×7.79×50.3×14.9×
Gross margin70.6%82.7%82.7%83.3%84.0%81.7%81.9%80.7%
Operating margin20.3%13.9%24.7%29.9%32.2%28.3%26.1%23.6%
Net margin12.1%9.7%19.5%20.5%23.5%20.4%-2.0%16.6%
Current ratio1.96×1.34×1.17×1.8×1.59×1.3×0.93×1.24×
Debt / equity0.2×0.1×0.12×0.23×0.29×0.55×0.84×0.32×
Interest coverage20.67×20.87×42.06×39.65×37.39×28.01×23.39×66.11×
Dividend yield1.2%1.1%1.1%1.2%1.2%1.5%1.3%0.9%
Payout ratio26.1%28.8%15.5%15.3%12.8%15.2%-151.5%21.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.3%8.3%16.8%19.4%23.6%25.7%-3.1%21.2%
Return on invested capital10.4%8.3%13.9%18.1%18.2%21.6%20.2%18.2%
Return on assets6.4%5.4%10.2%11.6%13.0%12.7%-1.3%11.5%
Free cash flow yield10.4%1.5%8.4%8.4%6.8%11.1%5.3%4.9%
Earnings yield4.5%3.8%7.2%7.8%9.6%9.7%-0.8%4.1%
Enterprise value€9.3B€8.9B€8.9B€8B€6.7B€6.2B€7.7B€9.6B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.6×-0.22×-0.06×-0.35×-0.03×0.66×7.31×0.38×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-109-265-238-174-234-142-140-74