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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+7.8%
€6.33
vs €5.88 price
Levered DCF
-€5.14
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.23
Distress zone
Rating
B-
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.96×8.04×6.29×9.04×10.32×10.61×9.79×7.96×
P/B1.58×1.07×0.76×0.66×0.69×0.53×0.73×0.59×
P/S2.64×1.55×1.18×1.58×1.8×1.43×1.87×1.49×
EV / EBITDA11.25×11.97×7.4×2.13×-0.09×11.5×15.96×12.13×
Gross margin73.2%63.1%62.0%84.8%89.8%90.0%85.1%85.4%
Operating margin32.4%26.9%26.2%23.9%21.3%9.0%25.8%25.1%
Net margin23.9%19.3%18.8%17.2%17.2%13.4%19.0%18.9%
Current ratio0.91×0.12×0.23×0.27×0.31×0.2×0.08×0.15×
Debt / equity0.9×2.25×2.22×1.61×1.59×1.63×1.7×1.71×
Interest coverage1.21×0.73×0.69×1.57×2.09×0.9×1.74×1.71×
Dividend yield6.0%8.4%8.9%7.4%9.2%0.0%8.4%10.8%
Payout ratio66.6%67.3%55.6%67.7%96.6%0.4%82.8%85.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.3%13.3%12.1%7.2%6.6%5.0%7.5%7.5%
Return on invested capital-256.6%1.7%1.4%0.8%0.7%0.4%0.9%0.8%
Return on assets1.0%0.9%0.8%0.4%0.4%0.3%0.5%0.5%
Free cash flow yield0.0%-60.2%-39.2%250.0%15.7%-6.2%7.2%11.6%
Earnings yield9.1%12.5%15.9%10.9%9.5%9.4%10.2%12.6%
Enterprise value€161.8B€164.7B€91.8B€16.5B-€642M€52.7B€109.9B€77.3B
Net debt / EBITDA4.09×6.92×3.49×-3.05×-6.59×3.9×10×7.1×
Cash conversion cycle (days)0-34-35-171-333-294-169-163