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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+119.8%
€37.04
vs €16.85 price
Levered DCF
€85.65
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.05
Distress zone
Rating
A+
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E6.74×7.99×11.56×8.79×11.32×6.42×19.9×17.33×
P/B0.97×1,063.13×0.91×0.96×1.07×1.11×1.65×1.67×
P/S1.26×1×0.91×1.13×1.3×1.55×1.45×1.44×
EV / EBITDA6.88×8.36×11.95×29.97×14.69×9.8×14.02×21.8×
Gross margin29.5%31.4%29.2%27.4%31.4%25.4%27.6%26.9%
Operating margin16.0%20.0%15.9%18.2%19.0%35.9%17.9%14.9%
Net margin18.7%12.5%7.9%12.9%11.4%24.1%7.3%8.4%
Current ratio1.29×1.25×1.19×1.24×1.38×1.36×1.1×1.21×
Debt / equity0.86×1,651.19×1.8×2.04×2.22×2.09×1.92×1.94×
Interest coverage3.13×2.51×2.14×2.64×3.3×5.41×1.88×2.95×
Dividend yield3.8%3.3%4.6%4.3%5.1%3.9%2.6%1.1%
Payout ratio26.0%26.3%53.3%38.0%57.6%25.5%51.4%18.4%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity14.3%13287.5%7.9%10.9%9.4%17.2%8.2%9.7%
Return on invested capital4.2%6.1%4.1%4.5%3.8%6.4%5.7%4.4%
Return on assets6.2%4.1%2.3%3.0%2.6%4.9%2.2%2.8%
Free cash flow yield15.5%12.4%12.5%-0.1%15.4%4.1%3.9%6.0%
Earnings yield14.8%12.5%8.7%11.4%8.8%15.5%5.0%5.8%
Enterprise value€419.4M€365.5M€358.2M€379.8M€372.3M€347.7M€349.1M€336.5M
Net debt / EBITDA2.52×4.59×7.6×19.55×9.3×5.96×6.92×10.57×
Cash conversion cycle (days)113425395438220374396385