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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-59.2%
€15.41
vs €37.74 price
Levered DCF
€28.54
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.46
Safe zone
Rating
B
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.53×13.85×22.39×26.63×25.97×34.41×21.59×15.52×
P/B1.12×1.34×1.82×1.76×2.77×2.12×2.23×2.28×
P/S1.07×1.15×1.53×1.49×2.83×2.34×1.71×1.63×
EV / EBITDA7.7×7.62×10.32×11.18×16.4×16.59×11.31×11.04×
Gross margin29.5%33.4%34.8%31.7%34.2%42.6%34.1%35.1%
Operating margin10.5%12.9%13.3%9.1%10.6%9.0%10.7%11.5%
Net margin6.9%8.3%6.8%5.6%10.9%6.8%7.9%10.5%
Current ratio1.6×2.26×2.07×1.76×1.37×1.18×2.1×2.27×
Debt / equity0.4×0.5×0.55×0.65×0.78×0.4×0.24×0.2×
Interest coverage8.18×9.33×8.62×9.39×10.41×9.31×17.42×21.2×
Dividend yield1.9%1.6%1.1%1.0%0.7%0.5%1.4%1.3%
Payout ratio30.2%21.6%23.7%26.0%17.5%17.8%29.6%19.6%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity7.2%9.6%8.1%6.6%10.7%6.2%10.3%14.7%
Return on invested capital5.2%6.8%6.3%4.2%5.0%4.2%8.4%11.8%
Return on assets4.2%5.3%4.3%3.3%4.7%3.1%6.2%8.9%
Free cash flow yield10.6%5.7%4.8%4.3%2.4%3.2%4.4%6.9%
Earnings yield6.4%7.2%4.5%3.8%3.9%2.9%4.6%6.4%
Enterprise value€1.4B€1.7B€2.1B€1.9B€2.7B€1.6B€1.5B€1.4B
Net debt / EBITDA1.71×1.8×2.13×2.76×3.34×2.08×0.45×0.26×
Cash conversion cycle (days)152152157174191208140149