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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+39.9%
€25.97
vs €18.57 price
Levered DCF
€41.32
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.94
Grey zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E19.67×19.42×19.2×21.47×27.16×27.64×23.66×16.16×
P/B3.87×3.86×5.15×5.44×5.55×4.32×4.67×3.65×
P/S0.35×0.35×0.47×0.5×0.6×0.45×0.49×0.37×
EV / EBITDA6.54×6.8×7.76×7.98×9.06×7.79×8.01×6.96×
Gross margin17.5%20.5%20.4%21.0%21.5%21.9%21.9%21.7%
Operating margin3.6%3.2%4.0%3.8%3.9%3.3%3.8%3.4%
Net margin1.8%1.8%2.5%2.3%2.2%1.6%2.1%2.3%
Current ratio0.62×0.61×0.6×0.6×0.58×0.51×0.48×0.47×
Debt / equity1.69×1.64×1.47×1.35×1.25×1.39×1.58×0.36×
Interest coverage3.51×3.26×5.23×5.92×5.48×4.31×4.44×26.98×
Dividend yield2.9%3.7%2.5%3.9%1.4%2.5%2.2%6.2%
Payout ratio57.3%71.6%48.0%83.7%39.1%69.5%52.4%100.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity19.7%19.9%26.9%25.3%20.3%15.5%19.7%22.6%
Return on invested capital10.3%9.5%12.6%12.2%10.8%8.6%9.8%15.9%
Return on assets3.8%3.9%5.3%5.0%4.5%3.3%4.0%6.0%
Free cash flow yield10.4%5.6%6.4%9.5%9.3%10.8%9.9%2.0%
Earnings yield5.1%5.2%5.2%4.7%3.7%3.6%4.2%6.2%
Enterprise value€16B€14.7B€16.7B€14B€14B€10.4B€11.4B€6.6B
Net debt / EBITDA1.35×1.43×1.03×0.78×0.88×1.31×1.54×0.1×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-40-37-47-47-48-52-49-46