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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+57.0%
€43.34
vs €27.60 price
Levered DCF
€53.11
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.46
Safe zone
Rating
A+
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E18.63×13.16×11.72×16.25×18.9×18.56×26.59×20.53×
P/B3.56×2.61×2.02×1.59×2.06×1.83×1.74×1.65×
P/S1.78×1.15×0.81×0.68×0.88×0.72×0.65×0.66×
EV / EBITDA10.17×7.63×6.93×8.79×9.85×8.8×10.68×9.8×
Gross margin23.7%55.6%54.0%55.0%55.5%53.6%54.7%56.5%
Operating margin13.2%12.1%10.1%6.7%6.9%5.5%4.5%5.3%
Net margin9.5%8.7%6.9%4.2%4.6%3.9%2.4%3.2%
Current ratio1.45×1.37×1.39×1.6×1.16×1.37×1.36×1.29×
Debt / equity0.23×0.48×0.6×0.77×0.64×0.94×0.84×0.61×
Interest coverage8.67×8.94×7.76×6.87×8.59×5.66×5.72×5.91×
Dividend yield1.8%2.2%3.1%4.3%2.5%4.2%4.4%4.5%
Payout ratio32.7%29.0%35.9%70.5%47.4%77.7%116.8%92.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity19.2%19.8%17.3%9.8%10.9%9.8%6.5%8.0%
Return on invested capital14.5%12.3%10.3%5.6%6.3%4.3%3.8%4.7%
Return on assets8.8%7.7%6.1%3.2%3.8%3.0%2.1%2.9%
Free cash flow yield7.0%8.7%15.6%1.0%4.6%16.0%6.1%3.4%
Earnings yield5.4%7.6%8.5%6.2%5.3%5.4%3.8%4.9%
Enterprise value€7.3B€5B€3.6B€3B€3.3B€2.9B€2.8B€2.6B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.23×0.28×0.71×2.05×1.61×1.78×2.49×2.03×
Cash conversion cycle (days)142184219244202174175108