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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+93.8%
€29.58
vs €15.26 price
Levered DCF
€29.23
After debt service
Piotroski score
5 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.33
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.59×12.05×12.74×9.49×18.77×15.05×18.42×17.12×
P/B1.79×1.68×1.53×1.32×1.54×1.66×1.66×1.27×
P/S1.09×1.02×0.75×0.62×0.76×0.82×0.76×0.58×
EV / EBITDA7×5.87×5.7×5.3×7.76×6.72×7.37×7.49×
Gross margin19.4%51.6%48.2%43.0%46.2%50.9%47.9%36.4%
Operating margin10.9%12.3%9.9%9.7%6.4%8.9%7.3%5.7%
Net margin6.6%8.5%5.9%6.5%4.0%5.4%4.1%3.4%
Current ratio1.61×1.58×1.45×1.46×1.25×1.15×1.11×1.23×
Debt / equity0.45×0.45×0.56×0.61×0.75×0.77×0.78×0.74×
Interest coverage8.17×8.45×6.82×8.22×4.99×6.28×5.21×4.44×
Dividend yield3.8%3.5%3.7%4.0%4.7%4.3%4.0%5.8%
Payout ratio62.4%42.0%47.8%38.4%88.2%65.3%73.4%98.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity10.8%14.0%12.0%13.9%8.1%11.0%9.0%7.5%
Return on invested capital8.8%10.1%8.6%9.1%5.3%7.1%6.1%5.0%
Return on assets5.8%7.4%5.7%6.3%3.4%4.7%3.8%3.2%
Free cash flow yield6.1%10.6%13.4%9.2%2.5%8.9%9.0%3.9%
Earnings yield6.0%8.3%7.8%10.5%5.3%6.6%5.4%5.9%
Enterprise value€3.5B€3.3B€3.1B€3B€2.9B€2.7B€2.8B€2.3B
Net debt / EBITDA1.01×0.52×0.99×1.38×2.28×1.86×2.11×2.46×
Cash conversion cycle (days)1869538873707080