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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+22.6%
€42.17
vs €34.40 price
Levered DCF
€29.00
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
11.2
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E18.45×14.29×9.84×64.32×21.25×13.63×12.58×13.71×
P/B4.24×3.87×3.04×2.59×3.38×2.85×2.83×2.52×
P/S1.91×1.93×1.47×1.19×2.08×1.72×1.66×1.49×
EV / EBITDA12.7×11.07×6.72×22.68×12.96×9.54×8.7×7.54×
Gross margin27.0%29.7%33.1%18.3%30.6%32.1%34.6%38.9%
Operating margin12.7%14.5%18.1%1.7%11.8%14.0%15.8%15.4%
Net margin10.4%13.5%14.9%1.8%9.8%12.6%13.3%10.7%
Current ratio2×2.16×2.26×1.67×2.36×2.45×2.37×2.85×
Debt / equity0.11×0.04×0.12×0.19×0.11×0.15×0.19×0.16×
Interest coverage133.39×126.16×91.15×10.08×57.77×56.9×44.93×38.37×
Dividend yield2.1%2.3%2.1%3.2%2.5%2.6%2.7%2.3%
Payout ratio38.8%33.5%20.5%208.1%52.8%35.2%33.0%32.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity23.0%27.1%30.8%4.0%15.9%20.9%22.7%18.1%
Return on invested capital19.4%23.9%24.5%2.3%12.4%15.6%17.1%14.2%
Return on assets15.5%19.4%20.1%2.5%11.0%13.7%14.0%11.2%
Free cash flow yield1.6%0.7%11.1%-2.2%4.4%2.8%-0.7%6.0%
Earnings yield5.4%7.0%10.1%1.6%4.7%7.3%8.0%7.2%
Enterprise value€619.3M€481.7M€308.8M€212.3M€278.7M€217.9M€189M€135.4M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.16×-0.28×-0.2×0.86×-0.07×0.07×0.09×-0.28×
Cash conversion cycle (days)3332354853564666