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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+90.2%
€1,559.25
vs €820.00 price
Levered DCF
€1,925.63
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
2.19
Grey zone
Rating
A+
Overall 5 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E12.01×9.66×7.66×6.77×8.66×-49.38×12.67×45.85×
P/B1.46×1.04×1.16×0.76×1.2×0.92×0.8×0.73×
P/S0.56×0.38×0.41×0.27×0.35×0.22×0.23×0.22×
EV / EBITDA4.36×2.52×2.87×2.07×2.17×1.31×1.84×1.54×
Gross margin21.3%22.1%21.7%19.4%18.8%16.5%18.5%21.1%
Operating margin7.4%7.9%7.7%6.3%6.4%3.7%4.8%6.0%
Net margin4.6%4.0%5.4%4.0%4.0%-0.4%1.8%0.5%
Current ratio1.96×1.97×2.01×2.03×2.05×2.13×2.06×1.99×
Debt / equity0.05×0.05×0.05×0.06×0.12×0.16×0.15×0.11×
Interest coverage19.13×13.08×16.17×15.17×22.57×14.95×16.26×23.48×
Dividend yield2.8%4.0%3.0%3.0%0.9%3.1%1.0%2.7%
Payout ratio33.1%38.8%22.6%20.5%7.7%-156.8%13.0%118.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.1%10.8%15.2%11.3%13.9%-1.8%6.3%1.6%
Return on invested capital7.9%7.6%9.8%7.4%7.1%0.4%3.8%3.1%
Return on assets4.8%4.0%5.5%4.1%3.9%-0.4%1.8%0.5%
Free cash flow yield2.4%11.5%14.6%-14.9%10.8%19.6%12.6%-1.6%
Earnings yield8.3%10.4%13.1%14.8%11.6%-2.0%7.9%2.2%
Enterprise value€1.4B€827.2M€878.5M€522.3M€500.9M€237.6M€362.1M€325.2M
Net debt / EBITDA-0.86×-0.95×-0.93×-0.71×-1.34×-1.38×-0.92×-0.84×
Cash conversion cycle (days)148151154166141142149158