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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+92.7%
€9.29
vs €4.82 price
Levered DCF
€9.85
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.41
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E24.48×25.91×21.45×44.22×138.46×97.5×111.43×156×
P/B3.78×3.28×3.82×5.99×14.78×40.79×51.71×67.03×
P/S3.77×3.67×4.37×6.48×18.87×16.41×26.8×30.06×
EV / EBITDA12.41×14.51×13.89×18.61×72.46×58.74×80.12×101.46×
Gross margin33.8%30.7%48.5%93.8%94.2%93.4%93.0%95.8%
Operating margin20.2%19.4%24.3%20.7%17.8%29.1%29.6%25.7%
Net margin15.4%14.3%20.1%14.3%13.2%17.1%23.3%20.2%
Current ratio1.03×1.2×1.19×1.61×3.89×1.8×2.26×1.98×
Debt / equity0.37×0.32×0.28×0.1×0.15×0.29×0×0.19×
Interest coverage3.68×8.56×19.57×142.61×134.31×133.5×1,100.58×261.73×
Dividend yield2.3%2.5%2.3%1.6%0.7%0.5%0.4%0.3%
Payout ratio57.1%62.7%48.9%73.6%97.3%51.4%49.3%42.7%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity15.4%12.8%17.6%13.3%10.3%42.6%45.1%44.9%
Return on invested capital11.4%10.3%12.7%12.3%9.0%43.1%45.1%38.0%
Return on assets9.4%7.7%10.8%9.2%7.6%25.2%32.8%28.0%
Free cash flow yield7.0%4.3%2.1%2.4%0.4%1.5%1.0%0.6%
Earnings yield4.1%3.9%4.6%2.2%0.7%1.0%0.9%0.7%
Enterprise value€115.3M€108.8M€116.3M€136.7M€309.3M€282M€281.3M€282.8M
Net debt / EBITDA0.45×0.37×0.12×-1.27×-3.69×-0.65×-1.08×-0.81×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-796440-258-372-116-198-166