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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-18.6%
€29.02
vs €35.64 price
Levered DCF
€27.10
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.14
Distress zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E7.43×7.24×36.96×14.85×10.92×-6.69×30.5×9.63×
P/B1.04×0.92×0.88×0.73×0.71×0.64×1.02×0.78×
P/S5.84×5.28×4.72×4.06×4.49×3.77×6.16×4.88×
EV / EBITDA9.18×9.09×29.18×14.45×17.59×16.13×22.01×12.79×
Gross margin72.2%75.4%73.0%72.9%70.6%65.7%74.5%75.1%
Operating margin62.0%102.1%63.0%62.0%59.5%55.8%64.1%62.8%
Net margin78.5%73.0%12.9%27.5%41.1%-56.4%20.1%50.6%
Current ratio0.69×0.44×0.39×0.3×0.43×0.33×0.35×0.28×
Debt / equity0.94×0.93×0.98×0.95×1.08×1.21×1×0.89×
Interest coverage3.59×6.03×4.55×6.36×5.82×3.95×5.58×5.8×
Dividend yield5.5%6.1%3.7%7.9%0.0%11.9%6.2%7.3%
Payout ratio40.7%44.2%134.1%116.9%0.0%-79.9%190.7%70.3%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity13.9%12.8%2.4%5.0%6.5%-9.6%3.3%8.1%
Return on invested capital4.2%6.6%3.1%4.1%3.8%3.3%4.1%4.0%
Return on assets5.8%5.2%1.0%2.0%2.5%-3.4%1.3%3.4%
Free cash flow yield7.5%9.8%10.5%10.4%10.3%8.8%6.0%12.5%
Earnings yield13.4%13.8%2.7%6.8%9.2%-14.9%3.3%10.4%
Enterprise value€17.6B€15.5B€14.6B€13.8B€14.4B€14.7B€19.2B€17B
Net debt / EBITDA4.14×4.44×15.05×8.01×10.3×10.37×10.62×6.72×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-2-73-307-32-2134-9