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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+208.7%
€147.56
vs €47.80 price
Levered DCF
€154.57
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.49
Distress zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.07×15.04×10.82×10.72×8.82×9.16×9.93×11.05×
P/B1.84×3.05×2.44×2.87×1.71×1.53×1.49×1.92×
P/S1.31×2.3×1.5×1.64×1.56×1.15×1.04×1.25×
EV / EBITDA7.85×8.62×6.93×7.27×5.7×5.5×5.7×6.56×
Gross margin34.5%35.7%32.0%33.0%37.3%34.3%78.6%77.5%
Operating margin13.6%21.7%20.7%19.8%24.0%20.3%17.5%16.5%
Net margin8.7%15.3%13.9%15.3%17.7%12.6%10.5%11.3%
Current ratio0.84×1.1×1.11×0.99×1.27×1.18×0.91×1.06×
Debt / equity0.77×0.73×1.06×1.31×0.69×0.94×0.9×0.88×
Interest coverage7.85×8.82×7.93×15.56×17.99×11.91×10.37×10.18×
Dividend yield3.9%2.1%3.1%3.5%3.5%3.4%5.1%4.4%
Payout ratio58.7%30.9%34.0%37.3%30.5%30.8%50.7%49.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.2%20.3%22.6%26.7%19.4%16.7%15.0%17.4%
Return on invested capital7.2%11.3%11.1%10.2%10.4%9.4%7.9%9.0%
Return on assets4.9%8.7%8.2%8.6%8.9%6.8%6.1%7.1%
Free cash flow yield6.1%10.0%11.5%13.1%14.6%13.9%13.9%12.0%
Earnings yield6.6%6.6%9.2%9.3%11.3%10.9%10.1%9.0%
Enterprise value€299.6M€485.8M€365.4M€388.5M€311.9M€269.7M€266.8M€295.1M
Net debt / EBITDA2.05×1.12×1.7×1.96×1.14×1.71×1.92×1.73×
Cash conversion cycle (days)484872325256-26-392