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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+49.1%
€54.58
vs €36.62 price
Levered DCF
€215.42
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
2.03
Grey zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E13.57×11.56×11.69×11.66×12.47×11.77×14.42×18.86×
P/B5.94×5.57×5.4×4.38×4.59×3.75×4.56×5.78×
P/S0.28×0.27×0.26×0.21×0.22×0.19×0.23×0.31×
EV / EBITDA8.16×7.64×7.31×6.37×6.68×6.15×7.77×10.15×
Gross margin6.7%6.9%6.8%6.0%6.2%6.0%8.1%6.6%
Operating margin2.4%2.5%2.4%2.3%2.2%2.0%2.0%2.0%
Net margin2.1%2.4%2.2%1.7%1.6%1.5%1.6%1.7%
Current ratio0.91×0.9×0.89×0.9×0.89×0.88×0.87×0.86×
Debt / equity0.43×0.48×0.48×0.24×0.33×0.44×0.06×0.06×
Interest coverage33.57×33.03×38.22×118.04×156.97×43.99×111.96×168.41×
Dividend yield7.2%7.1%6.0%6.8%6.6%8.2%6.4%4.9%
Payout ratio98.2%82.2%69.8%83.6%91.0%100.9%91.6%92.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity43.8%48.1%46.1%35.4%33.2%30.6%31.7%30.7%
Return on invested capital21.0%20.4%19.0%20.2%17.6%15.0%18.1%16.5%
Return on assets3.4%3.8%3.4%2.6%2.3%2.0%2.3%2.3%
Free cash flow yield14.6%9.8%8.3%24.7%-14.2%41.0%12.4%9.9%
Earnings yield7.4%8.6%8.5%8.1%7.2%8.1%7.0%5.3%
Enterprise value€3.9B€3.7B€3.3B€2.4B€2.4B€2B€2.2B€2.8B
Net debt / EBITDA0.21×0.28×0.21×-0.22×-0×0.2×-0.46×-0.45×
Cash conversion cycle (days)130132136146160174153162