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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-636.4%
-€67.59
vs €12.60 price
Levered DCF
€51.01
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.41
Distress zone
Rating
B+
Overall 3 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E16.31×13.77×13.08×11.48×16.64×10.11×7.26×9.47×
P/B5.97×4.55×3.1×2.07×2.77×1.45×1.99×3.42×
P/S0.61×0.46×0.39×0.3×0.48×0.23×0.25×0.29×
EV / EBITDA8.02×6.39×6.13×4.48×6.87×4.43×3.53×4.09×
Gross margin12.9%20.2%22.7%18.2%16.9%17.3%20.3%17.3%
Operating margin5.3%5.5%5.1%5.0%5.8%4.2%6.2%5.5%
Net margin3.7%3.4%3.0%2.6%2.9%2.2%3.4%3.1%
Current ratio1.14×1.12×1.11×1.09×1.15×1.21×1.09×1.13×
Debt / equity1.75×1.67×1.64×1.83×1.78×2.47×2.29×1.95×
Interest coverage4.03×11.76×14.47×18.34×16.15×9.5×2.75×3.45×
Dividend yield2.8%3.0%2.5%5.9%2.8%0.0%4.8%4.0%
Payout ratio46.1%41.3%32.5%66.9%45.8%0.0%34.6%38.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity36.5%33.3%23.8%18.3%16.9%14.0%27.7%35.7%
Return on invested capital10.7%11.3%9.2%7.5%7.5%4.6%9.0%51.3%
Return on assets3.2%2.7%2.0%1.7%1.6%1.2%2.3%2.9%
Free cash flow yield5.7%10.1%20.5%24.7%12.1%-7.7%-3.4%-3.4%
Earnings yield6.1%7.3%7.7%8.8%6.1%9.7%13.9%10.4%
Enterprise value€4.1B€2.6B€1.6B€1.2B€1.6B€911.7M€1B€1B
Net debt / EBITDA-0.25×-0.4×-0.21×0.53×0.88×1.52×0.72×-0.19×
Cash conversion cycle (days)220-9467359502488147243