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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+141.8%
€246.65
vs €102.00 price
Levered DCF
€352.26
After debt service
Piotroski score
4 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
3.93
Safe zone
Rating
C+
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E39.62×13.5×41.73×57.79×69.81×107.92×35.38×23.18×
P/B2.56×2.55×3.23×3.4×3.46×3.54×3.25×2.48×
P/S0.65×0.67×0.77×0.91×0.97×0.95×0.83×0.63×
EV / EBITDA9.32×6.99×13.63×17.52×17.1×20.28×13.51×10.37×
Gross margin19.0%46.0%42.8%42.7%53.8%48.9%50.7%49.8%
Operating margin4.5%7.3%3.8%3.1%2.3%1.5%3.3%4.3%
Net margin1.6%5.0%1.9%1.6%1.4%0.9%2.4%2.7%
Current ratio1.41×1.34×1.24×1.15×1.02×1.18×1.14×1.2×
Debt / equity0.41×0.44×0.89×1.15×0.97×0.75×0.71×0.75×
Interest coverage6.85×9.33×3.65×3.94×3.99×3.94×9.46×10.48×
Dividend yield1.9%1.6%1.1%0.7%0.7%0.4%0.8%0.6%
Payout ratio75.5%21.0%45.1%40.3%50.4%39.5%28.9%13.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity6.5%18.9%7.8%5.9%4.9%3.3%9.2%10.7%
Return on invested capital5.9%12.6%5.1%3.5%3.3%2.0%4.6%6.0%
Return on assets3.0%9.0%2.8%2.0%1.9%1.3%3.6%4.1%
Free cash flow yield4.5%16.9%3.4%-2.4%6.1%0.3%9.5%12.2%
Earnings yield2.5%7.4%2.4%1.7%1.4%0.9%2.8%4.3%
Enterprise value€218.7M€219.3M€264.2M€271.7M€254.3M€248.5M€225.1M€171.7M
Net debt / EBITDA0.86×0.79×2.81×3.5×3×3.47×2.39×2.38×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5473808462899341