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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
-36.0%
€34.86
vs €54.45 price
Levered DCF
€17.46
After debt service
Piotroski score
8 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
7.23
Safe zone
Rating
A-
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E20.54×13.33×17.34×16.6×32.25×46.18×44.7×17.67×
P/B4.76×4.03×6.58×6.79×10.88×10.17×8.98×6.25×
P/S2.75×2.45×3.76×3.91×6.58×6.31×5.52×3.58×
EV / EBITDA13.71×9.32×12.33×11.23×21.03×26.02×22.82×11.42×
Gross margin38.6%43.0%45.7%44.8%42.5%39.0%40.3%45.9%
Operating margin16.0%23.6%27.1%27.1%23.1%14.9%14.5%24.3%
Net margin13.4%18.4%21.7%23.6%20.4%13.7%12.4%20.3%
Current ratio5.46×4.54×3.63×4.63×4.22×4.85×4.38×3.55×
Debt / equity0.66×0.39×0.34×0.01×0.01×0.21×0.22×0.11×
Interest coverage13.56×19.24×42.34×316.91×179.3×76.81×66.35×200.89×
Dividend yield6.4%6.5%3.9%3.2%2.1%1.6%3.3%4.1%
Payout ratio131.4%87.2%67.5%53.3%67.8%75.1%146.2%72.9%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity23.2%30.2%38.0%40.9%33.7%22.0%20.1%35.4%
Return on invested capital13.7%23.0%29.1%37.9%32.0%18.1%16.8%31.9%
Return on assets12.5%19.2%24.2%34.0%28.4%16.0%14.4%27.0%
Free cash flow yield4.2%5.5%-2.5%4.5%2.4%2.2%2.5%1.1%
Earnings yield4.9%7.5%5.8%6.0%3.1%2.2%2.2%5.7%
Enterprise value€2.6B€2.5B€3.8B€3.2B€4.2B€3.2B€2.7B€2B
Net debt / EBITDA1.52×0.71×0.49×-0.28×-0.15×0.06×0.24×0×
Cash conversion cycle (days)235177178174176180191171