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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+333.0%
€373.21
vs €86.20 price
Levered DCF
€906.90
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
1.35
Distress zone
Rating
C+
Overall 2 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E-28.94×13.55×24.89×53.17×4.4×-16.24×13.2×-37.66×
P/B1.26×1.22×1.31×1.35×1.77×2.14×2.18×2.2×
P/S0.57×0.54×0.48×0.56×0.61×0.63×0.65×0.57×
EV / EBITDA5.4×4.58×4.96×4.42×6.1×6.05×6.52×7.58×
Gross margin11.5%11.3%11.8%13.3%10.6%6.9%9.3%9.0%
Operating margin10.6%10.1%11.9%15.1%10.8%3.8%8.9%8.1%
Net margin-2.0%4.0%1.9%9.7%14.0%-3.9%4.9%0.5%
Current ratio1.53×2.07×2.04×1.71×1.86×1.86×1.9×1.58×
Debt / equity1.89×2.09×2.28×2.17×2.28×3.27×2.94×3.38×
Interest coverage3.44×2.34×3.57×5.44×4.64×1.13×2.73×2.51×
Dividend yield6.0%4.4%4.0%3.4%2.7%2.9%2.3%2.5%
Payout ratio-173.4%58.5%97.7%19.8%12.1%-46.4%30.9%266.2%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity-4.3%9.1%5.3%23.5%40.2%-13.2%16.5%2.1%
Return on invested capital3.2%3.1%4.7%5.0%5.9%2.4%2.0%2.2%
Return on assets-0.9%1.9%0.9%4.6%7.4%-2.0%2.7%0.3%
Free cash flow yield33.7%35.2%33.7%28.7%22.1%22.5%16.7%19.2%
Earnings yield-3.4%7.4%4.1%17.4%22.7%-6.2%7.6%1.0%
Enterprise value€7.9B€7.3B€7.2B€6.6B€8.3B€7.9B€9.8B€9B
Net debt / EBITDA2.36×2.09×2.55×1.88×2.72×2.78×3×3.56×
Cash conversion cycle (days)5272726963646661