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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+11.3%
€70.53
vs €63.35 price
Levered DCF
€56.42
After debt service
Piotroski score
7 / 9
Strong
Altman Z-score
3.78
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E5.25×7.88×3.23×2.47×7.51×-12.16×10.16×9.05×
P/B1.03×0.82×0.98×1.17×1.29×1.34×1.93×2.1×
P/S0.3×0.18×0.2×0.14×0.15×0.21×0.24×0.25×
EV / EBITDA6.48×3.86×2.93×2.31×6.09×38.31×5.5×5.13×
Gross margin8.2%9.0%11.9%12.1%6.4%4.4%7.0%7.0%
Operating margin4.2%5.8%8.5%9.1%3.1%-0.9%3.6%4.1%
Net margin5.6%2.3%6.1%5.8%2.0%-1.8%2.4%2.7%
Current ratio1.66×2×1.87×1.53×1.56×1.54×1.76×1.98×
Debt / equity0.89×1.05×1.07×1.45×1.78×1.54×0.89×0.84×
Interest coverage3.71×4.99×8.23×19.89×4.1×-1.01×6.68×7.97×
Dividend yield4.7%7.0%6.8%5.1%1.5%6.8%6.3%6.4%
Payout ratio24.5%54.9%22.0%12.6%11.1%-82.3%64.2%58.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity19.6%10.4%30.2%47.4%17.1%-11.0%19.1%23.3%
Return on invested capital5.6%5.3%14.7%17.1%7.1%-1.8%10.5%12.8%
Return on assets8.1%3.9%10.6%13.4%4.2%-3.2%6.5%9.0%
Free cash flow yield9.2%0.9%18.9%36.4%-3.2%-31.7%14.0%8.2%
Earnings yield19.0%12.7%30.9%40.4%13.3%-8.3%9.8%11.1%
Enterprise value€5B€4B€4.1B€4.2B€3B€2.2B€2.6B€2.6B
Net debt / EBITDA2.06×1.69×1.08×0.98×2.97×15.84×0.74×0.5×
Cash conversion cycle (days)3229254329301112