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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+18.3%
€79.11
vs €66.90 price
Levered DCF
€74.91
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
0.92
Distress zone
Rating
A+
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E10.32×7.75×12.66×5.17×8.98×9.16×10.79×10.64×
P/B0.89×0.74×0.99×0.81×1.99×1.72×1.72×1.58×
P/S10.08×9.69×11.52×9.41×21.42×17.01×15.5×11.15×
EV / EBITDA14.95×21.15×21.99×20.88×34.23×28.11×25.99×24.72×
Gross margin86.0%87.0%86.6%88.3%87.2%87.5%87.6%81.8%
Operating margin79.0%141.5%87.8%165.7%268.0%211.8%176.0%126.7%
Net margin97.5%125.0%90.8%184.2%241.1%187.7%143.7%104.9%
Current ratio10.91×0.79×1.32×0.95×0.35×0.36×0.32×0.44×
Debt / equity0.67×0.55×0.56×0.72×0.64×0.62×0.66×1.07×
Interest coverage6.33×10.44×5.3×0×30.76×0×0×0×
Dividend yield5.1%5.7%3.9%4.7%2.2%2.8%2.5%3.1%
Payout ratio52.7%44.0%50.0%24.0%19.9%25.8%26.7%33.1%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity8.6%9.5%7.8%15.8%22.4%19.0%16.0%14.9%
Return on invested capital3.8%6.6%4.8%7.4%13.3%12.8%11.5%8.6%
Return on assets5.0%5.9%4.9%8.8%13.0%11.1%9.1%6.8%
Free cash flow yield4.8%8.6%7.4%8.0%3.5%3.8%5.5%8.1%
Earnings yield9.7%12.9%7.9%19.6%11.3%11.0%9.3%9.4%
Enterprise value€2.9B€2.3B€2.3B€1.9B€2.7B€1.9B€1.6B€1.1B
Net debt / EBITDA6.39×8.98×7.41×9.46×8.17×7.41×7.1×9.89×
Cash conversion cycle (days)-256-331-100-81-184-9-273-226