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Valuation

Model-based estimates, not advice. The DCF is the discounted-cash-flow value per share; compare it with the price, not as a target.

DCF fair value
+103.8%
€26.90
vs €13.20 price
Levered DCF
€27.81
After debt service
Piotroski score
6 / 9
Average
Altman Z-score
5.34
Safe zone
Rating
A
Overall 4 / 5
Ratios by fiscal year

Margins and yields are shares of revenue, equity or price; multiples are ×.

MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
P/E15.6×10.91×10.34×10.17×19×68.57×17.23×20.51×
P/B1.99×1.43×1.44×1.54×1.39×1.33×1.01×1.7×
P/S1.33×0.92×0.82×0.79×0.79×0.76×0.54×0.89×
EV / EBITDA7.17×5.59×5.42×5.84×7.61×9.86×7.31×9.65×
Gross margin31.0%71.2%28.0%66.4%67.9%67.8%68.1%69.8%
Operating margin13.5%12.5%11.8%11.1%6.7%3.3%5.7%7.9%
Net margin8.5%8.4%7.9%7.8%4.2%1.1%3.2%4.4%
Current ratio4.58×4.63×1.44×3.35×3.7×3.87×3.07×2.14×
Debt / equity0.22×0.35×0.42×0.52×0.57×0.66×0.72×0.65×
Interest coverage11.75×9.15×9.74×18.7×7.03×2.55×3.47×5.76×
Dividend yield1.9%2.7%2.4%1.5%1.2%1.2%1.6%1.0%
Payout ratio29.8%29.7%24.7%14.8%23.5%84.9%26.6%20.0%
Key metrics by fiscal year
MetricFY2025FY2024FY2023FY2022FY2021FY2020FY2019FY2018
Return on equity12.7%13.0%14.0%15.1%7.3%1.9%5.9%8.3%
Return on invested capital11.2%10.3%10.3%10.0%5.3%1.9%4.6%5.8%
Return on assets9.2%8.8%8.5%8.6%4.1%1.0%3.1%4.5%
Free cash flow yield7.6%11.8%8.8%5.4%5.4%17.0%8.1%-0.7%
Earnings yield6.4%9.1%9.7%9.8%5.3%1.5%5.9%4.9%
Enterprise value€139.3M€100.5M€95.6M€96.1M€78.1M€72.2M€67M€91.2M
Net debt / EBITDA0.14×0.57×0.74×1.02×1.55×2.44×2.61×2.34×
Cash conversion cycle (days)134290137236252249270267